DoctrineMigrationsBundle
========================

The database migrations feature is an extension of the database abstraction
layer and offers you the ability to programmatically deploy new versions of
your database schema in a safe, easy and standardized way.

.. tip::

    You can read more about the Doctrine Database Migrations on the project's
    `documentation`_.

Installation
------------

Doctrine migrations for Symfony are maintained in the `DoctrineMigrationsBundle`_.
The bundle uses external `Doctrine Database Migrations`_ library.

First, install the bundle with composer:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ composer require doctrine/doctrine-migrations-bundle "^1.0"

If everything worked, the ``DoctrineMigrationsBundle`` can now be found
at ``vendor/doctrine/doctrine-migrations-bundle``.

.. note::

    ``DoctrineMigrationsBundle`` installs
    `Doctrine Database Migrations`_ library. The library can be found
    at ``vendor/doctrine/migrations``.

Finally, be sure to enable the bundle in ``AppKernel.php`` by including the
following:

.. code-block:: php

    // app/AppKernel.php
    public function registerBundles()
    {
        $bundles = array(
            //...
            new Doctrine\Bundle\MigrationsBundle\DoctrineMigrationsBundle(),
        );
    }

Configuration
-------------

You can configure the path, namespace, table_name, name and organize_migrations in your ``config.yml``. The examples below are the default values.

.. code-block:: yaml

    # app/config/config.yml
    doctrine_migrations:
        dir_name: "%kernel.root_dir%/DoctrineMigrations"
        namespace: Application\Migrations
        table_name: migration_versions
        name: Application Migrations
        organize_migrations: false # Version >=1.2 Possible values are: "BY_YEAR", "BY_YEAR_AND_MONTH", false

Usage
-----

.. caution::

    If your application is based on Symfony 3, replace ``php app/console`` by
    ``php bin/console`` before executing any of the console commands included
    in this article.

All of the migrations functionality is contained in a few console commands:

.. code-block:: bash

    doctrine:migrations
      :diff     Generate a migration by comparing your current database to your mapping information.
      :execute  Execute a single migration version up or down manually.
      :generate Generate a blank migration class.
      :migrate  Execute a migration to a specified version or the latest available version.
      :status   View the status of a set of migrations.
      :version  Manually add and delete migration versions from the version table.

Start by getting the status of migrations in your application by running
the ``status`` command:

.. code-block:: bash

    php app/console doctrine:migrations:status

     == Configuration

        >> Name:                                               Application Migrations
        >> Configuration Source:                               manually configured
        >> Version Table Name:                                 migration_versions
        >> Migrations Namespace:                               Application\Migrations
        >> Migrations Directory:                               /path/to/project/app/DoctrineMigrations
        >> Current Version:                                    0
        >> Latest Version:                                     0
        >> Executed Migrations:                                0
        >> Available Migrations:                               0
        >> New Migrations:                                     0

Now, you can start working with migrations by generating a new blank migration
class. Later, you'll learn how Doctrine can generate migrations automatically
for you.

.. code-block:: bash

    $ php app/console doctrine:migrations:generate
    Generated new migration class to "/path/to/project/app/DoctrineMigrations/Version20100621140655.php"

Have a look at the newly generated migration class and you will see something
like the following::

    namespace Application\Migrations;

    use Doctrine\DBAL\Migrations\AbstractMigration,
        Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema;

    class Version20100621140655 extends AbstractMigration
    {
        public function up(Schema $schema)
        {

        }

        public function down(Schema $schema)
        {

        }
    }

If you run the ``status`` command it will now show that you have one new
migration to execute:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ php app/console doctrine:migrations:status --show-versions

     == Configuration

       >> Name:                                               Application Migrations
       >> Configuration Source:                               manually configured
       >> Version Table Name:                                 migration_versions
       >> Migrations Namespace:                               Application\Migrations
       >> Migrations Directory:                               /path/to/project/app/DoctrineMigrations
       >> Current Version:                                    0
       >> Latest Version:                                     2010-06-21 14:06:55 (20100621140655)
       >> Executed Migrations:                                0
       >> Available Migrations:                               1
       >> New Migrations:                                     1

    == Migration Versions

       >> 2010-06-21 14:06:55 (20100621140655)                not migrated

Now you can add some migration code to the ``up()`` and ``down()`` methods and
finally migrate when you're ready:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ php app/console doctrine:migrations:migrate 20100621140655

For more information on how to write the migrations themselves (i.e. how to
fill in the ``up()`` and ``down()`` methods), see the official Doctrine Migrations
`documentation`_.

Running Migrations during Deployment
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Of course, the end goal of writing migrations is to be able to use them to
reliably update your database structure when you deploy your application.
By running the migrations locally (or on a beta server), you can ensure that
the migrations work as you expect.

When you do finally deploy your application, you just need to remember to run
the ``doctrine:migrations:migrate`` command. Internally, Doctrine creates
a ``migration_versions`` table inside your database and tracks which migrations
have been executed there. So, no matter how many migrations you've created
and executed locally, when you run the command during deployment, Doctrine
will know exactly which migrations it hasn't run yet by looking at the ``migration_versions``
table of your production database. Regardless of what server you're on, you
can always safely run this command to execute only the migrations that haven't
been run yet on *that* particular database.

Skipping Migrations
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can skip single migrations by explicitely adding them to the ``migration_versions`` table:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ php app/console doctrine:migrations:version YYYYMMDDHHMMSS --add

Doctrine will then assume that this migration has already been run and will ignore it.


Generating Migrations Automatically
-----------------------------------

In reality, you should rarely need to write migrations manually, as the migrations
library can generate migration classes automatically by comparing your Doctrine
mapping information (i.e. what your database *should* look like) with your
actual current database structure.

For example, suppose you create a new ``User`` entity and add mapping information
for Doctrine's ORM:

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: php-annotations

        // src/Acme/HelloBundle/Entity/User.php
        namespace Acme\HelloBundle\Entity;

        use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;

        /**
         * @ORM\Entity
         * @ORM\Table(name="hello_user")
         */
        class User
        {
            /**
             * @ORM\Id
             * @ORM\Column(type="integer")
             * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO")
             */
            protected $id;

            /**
             * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=255)
             */
            protected $name;
        }

    .. code-block:: yaml

        # src/Acme/HelloBundle/Resources/config/doctrine/User.orm.yml
        Acme\HelloBundle\Entity\User:
            type: entity
            table: hello_user
            id:
                id:
                    type: integer
                    generator:
                        strategy: AUTO
            fields:
                name:
                    type: string
                    length: 255

    .. code-block:: xml

        <!-- src/Acme/HelloBundle/Resources/config/doctrine/User.orm.xml -->
        <doctrine-mapping xmlns="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping"
              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
              xsi:schemaLocation="http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping
                            http://doctrine-project.org/schemas/orm/doctrine-mapping.xsd">

            <entity name="Acme\HelloBundle\Entity\User" table="hello_user">
                <id name="id" type="integer" column="id">
                    <generator strategy="AUTO"/>
                </id>
                <field name="name" column="name" type="string" length="255" />
            </entity>

        </doctrine-mapping>

With this information, Doctrine is now ready to help you persist your new
``User`` object to and from the ``hello_user`` table. Of course, this table
doesn't exist yet! Generate a new migration for this table automatically by
running the following command:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ php app/console doctrine:migrations:diff

You should see a message that a new migration class was generated based on
the schema differences. If you open this file, you'll find that it has the
SQL code needed to create the ``hello_user`` table. Next, run the migration
to add the table to your database:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ php app/console doctrine:migrations:migrate

The moral of the story is this: After each change you make to your Doctrine
mapping information, run the ``doctrine:migrations:diff`` command to automatically
generate your migration classes.

If you do this from the very beginning of your project (i.e. so that even
the first tables were created via a migration class), you'll always be able
to create a fresh database and run your migrations in order to get your database
schema fully up to date. In fact, this is an easy and dependable workflow
for your project.

If you don't want to use this workflow and instead create your schema via
``doctrine:schema:create``, you can tell Doctrine to skip all existing migrations:

.. code-block:: bash

    $ php app/console doctrine:migrations:version --add --all

Otherwise Doctrine will try to run all migrations, which probably will not work.

Container Aware Migrations
--------------------------

In some cases you might need access to the container to ensure the proper update of
your data structure. This could be necessary to update relations with some specific
logic or to create new entities.

Therefore you can just implement the ``ContainerAwareInterface`` with its needed methods
to get full access to the container or ``ContainerAwareTrait``.

.. code-block:: php

    // ...
    use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerAwareInterface;
    use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerInterface;

    class Version20130326212938 extends AbstractMigration implements ContainerAwareInterface
    {
        private $container;

        public function setContainer(ContainerInterface $container = null)
        {
            $this->container = $container;
        }

        public function up(Schema $schema)
        {
            // ... migration content
        }

        public function postUp(Schema $schema)
        {
            $converter = $this->container->get('my_service.convert_data_to');
            // ... convert the data from markdown to html for instance
        }
    }

Or with the trait (since Symfony 2.4):

.. code-block:: php

    // ...
    use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerAwareInterface;
    use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerInterface;
    use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerAwareTrait;

    class Version20130326212938 extends AbstractMigration implements ContainerAwareInterface
    {
        use ContainerAwareTrait;

        public function up(Schema $schema)
        {
            // ... migration content
        }

        public function postUp(Schema $schema)
        {
            $converter = $this->container->get('my_service.convert_data_to');
            // ... convert the data from markdown to html for instance
        }
    }

Manual Tables
-------------

It is a common use case, that in addition to your generated database structure
based on your doctrine entities you might need custom tables. By default such
tables will be removed by the ``doctrine:migrations:diff`` command.

If you follow a specific scheme you can configure doctrine/dbal to ignore those
tables. Let's say all custom tables will be prefixed by ``t_``. In this case you
just have to add the following configuration option to your doctrine configuration:

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: yaml

        doctrine:
            dbal:
                schema_filter: ~^(?!t_)~

    .. code-block:: xml

        <doctrine:dbal schema-filter="~^(?!t_)~" ... />


    .. code-block:: php

        $container->loadFromExtension('doctrine', array(
            'dbal' => array(
                'schema_filter'  => '~^(?!t_)~',
                // ...
            ),
            // ...
        ));

This ignores the tables on the DBAL level and they will be ignored by the ``diff`` command.

Note that if you have multiple connections configured, the ``schema_filter`` configuration
must be placed for each connection.

.. _documentation: http://docs.doctrine-project.org/projects/doctrine-migrations/en/latest/index.html
.. _DoctrineMigrationsBundle: https://github.com/doctrine/DoctrineMigrationsBundle
.. _`Doctrine Database Migrations`: https://github.com/doctrine/migrations